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Casein: hot needle test
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Casein identification guide: casein is a thermoset semi-synthetic polymer made from milk, hardened in formaldehyde
13. Hot needle test: slow to burn, heat aura appears around point, sizzles, smokes, smells like burned milk, usually leaves a hard ridge around test point.
source: Button Materials A-Z: Identification Guide
by Jocelyn HowellsButton Specs
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Material
- 1-0 CELLULOID ASSORTED (51)
- 1-1 Body Types (40)
- 1-1.2 Sheet assorted (39)
- 1-1.2.1 Perforate (8)
- 1-1.2.2 Plain center (2)
- 1-1.2.3 Shield (4)
- 1-1.2.4 Tight top (3)
- 1-1.3 Solid Body (1)
- 1-1.2 Sheet assorted (39)
- 1-2 Decorative finishes (5)
- 1-3 Imitation (1)
- 1-3.1 Ivory (1)
- 1-3.1.2 Ivoroid (1)
- 1-3.1 Ivory (1)
- 1-4 Mounted in/on Metal (11)
- 1-4.1 Background (11)
- 1-5 OME (8)
- 1-7 Unlisted (1)
- 1-1 Body Types (40)
- 2-0 CERAMICS (45)
- 2-1 Earthenware (2)
- 2-2 Porcelain (14)
- 2-2.1 Arita (5)
- 2-3 Satsuma (9)
- 2-4 Stoneware (10)
- 2-5 Back marks (2)
- 2-6 Decorative finishes (11)
- 2-7 Mounted in/on metal (6)
- 2-8 Other material embellishment (3)
- 3-0 CHINA (16)
- 3-1 Back types (14)
- 3-1.2 *Metal shank (1)
- 3-1.1 *Inserted self shank (1)
- 3-1.3.2 Two-hole (6)
- 3-1.3.3 *Whistle (1)
- 3-1.3.1 Four-hole (5)
- 3-1.3 Sew-through (1)
- 3-2 Body styles (9)
- 3-2.2 Oval eye (5)
- 3-2.1 Hollow eye (4)
- 3-3 Colors (1)
- Body/base color (1)
- 3-4 Decorative designs finishes (10)
- 3-1 Back types (14)
- 4-0 ENAMELS (34)
- 4-1 Construction (26)
- 4-1.7 Plique-a-jour (1)
- 4-1.1 Basse-taille (7)
- 4-1.5 Foil techniques (3)
- 4-1.6 Gin-bari/gin-jippo (2)
- 4-1.4 Émaux peints (6)
- 4-1.4.2 Polychrome (5)
- 4-1.4.1 Monochrome (1)
- 4-1.3 Cloisonné (2)
- 4-1.2 Champlevé (4)
- 4-3 Other material embellishment (3)
- Metal (3)
- 4-4 Openwork (3)
- 4-5 Unlisted (3)
- 4-1 Construction (26)
- 5-0 FABRICS (9)
- 6-0 GLASS, BLACK (220)
- 6-1 All black (55)
- 6-2 Back types (31)
- 6-2.2 Rosette shank (2)
- 6-2.3 Sew-through (1)
- 6-2.1 Four-way metal shank (24)
- 06-2.4 Swirlback (3)
- 6-3 Construction (18)
- 6-3.2 Coronet (2)
- 6-3.3 Foil embedded (1)
- 6-3.5 Impression inlay (2)
- 6-3.8 Moonglow (4)
- 6-3.9 Overlay (5)
- 6-3.10 Paperweight (3)
- 6-3.11 Tile type (1)
- 6-4 Decorative finishes (121)
- 6-4.1 Acid etched/frosted (12)
- 6-4.2 Lusters (62)
- 6-4.2.1 Gold (24)
- 6-4.2.2 iridescent/aurora (13)
- 6-4.2.3 Silver (20)
- 6-4.3 Paint enamel (51)
- 6-5 Mechanical make-up (16)
- 6-6 Molded/cut surface designs (179)
- 6-6.5 Incised/outline (10)
- 6-6.8 Openwork (1)
- 6-6.6 Intaglio (4)
- 6-6.3 Imitation fabric (144)
- 6-6.7 Lacy/lacy-like (4)
- 6-6.4 Impressed (4)
- 6-6.1 Embossed/cameo (7)
- 6-6.2 Faceted (7)
- 6-7 Other material embellishmen (14)
- 6-7.1 Metal (7)
- 6-7.2 Rhinestones/pastes (2)
- 7-0 GLASS, clear and colored (196)
- 7-1 Back types (34)
- 7-1.1 Four-way metal shank (12)
- 7-1.4 Swirlback (10)
- 7-1.2 Rosette shank (1)
- 7-1.3 Sew-through (2)
- 7-2 Clear colorless (27)
- 7-3 Colors (118)
- 7-3.3 White (48)
- 7-3.2 Transparent (18)
- 7-3.1 Opaque translucent (52)
- 7-4 Construction (32)
- 7-4.2 Coronet (5)
- 7-4.6 Foil embedded (3)
- 7-4.9 Intermixed (2)
- 7-4.10 Lampwork (2)
- 7-4.11 Moonglow (4)
- 7-4.12 Overlay (9)
- 7-4.13 Paperweight (7)
- 7-4.14 Radiant (1)
- 7-4.15 Satin (5)
- 7-5 Decorative finishes (99)
- 7-5.1 Acid etched/frosted (7)
- 7-5.4 Paint enamel (41)
- 7-5.4.1 Painted back (10)
- 7-5.2 Lusters (60)
- 7-5.2.3 Silver (13)
- 7-5.2.2 iridescent/aurora (19)
- 7-5.2.1 Gold (24)
- 7-5.5 Pearlized (1)
- 7-5.6 Transfer/decal (1)
- 7-5.3 Metallic back (3)
- 7-6 Mechanical make-up (6)
- 7-7 Molded/cut surface designs (142)
- 7-7.2 Faceted (7)
- 7-7.1 Embossed/cameo (13)
- 7-7.9 Victorian (2)
- 7-7.3 Imitation fabric (110)
- 7-7.4 Impressed (1)
- 7-7.7 Lacy/lacy-like (10)
- 7-8 Other material embellishment (4)
- 7-8.1 Metal (3)
- 7-8.2 Rhinestones/pastes (1)
- 7-1 Back types (34)
- 8-0 GLASS in/on METAL (84)
- 8-1 Black glass (7)
- 8-2 Clear and colored glass (34)
- 8-4 In/under glass (45)
- One-piece mounting (30)
- 8-4.2 Shield (6)
- 8-5 Imitation gemstones (6)
- 8-6 Unlisted (2)
- 9-0 HORN (13)
- 10-0 METALS (223)
- 10-1 White metals (29)
- 10-2 Aluminum (11)
- 10-3 Pewter (7)
- 10-3.1 Bright cut (2)
- 10-3.3 Soft cast (1)
- 10-4 Silver (12)
- 10-5 Steel (22)
- 10-6 Tinned white metals (1)
- 10-7 Yellow metals (9)
- 10-8 Brass (103)
- 10-9 Copper (8)
- 10-10 Gilt/plated (5)
- 10-12 Decorative finishes (31)
- 10-12.2 Enamel (1)
- 10-12.4 Original tint/finish (22)
- 10-12.5 Paint (1)
- 10-13 Mechanical make-up (37)
- 10-13.1 One-piece (10)
- 10-13.2 Two-piece (1)
- 10-13.3 Three-piece (1)
- 10-13.4 Openwork design (24)
- 10-13.5 Twinkle (2)
- 10-14 Other material embellishment (30)
- 10-14.1 Glass rhinestones (8)
- 10-14.2 Metal (12)
- 10-14.3 Shell (5)
- 10-15 Specific types (4)
- 11-0 SHELL (97)
- 11-1 Iridescent shell (pearl) (85)
- 11-2 Non-iridescent shell (8)
- 11-4 Decorative finishes (18)
- 11-4.2 Gilded (9)
- 11-4.1 Dyed (6)
- 11-4.4 Transfer/decal (2)
- 11-4.3 Paint/paint encrusted (1)
- 11-5 Mechanical make-up (14)
- 11-5.4 Overlay (7)
- 11-5.3 Laminate veneer (1)
- 11-5.2 Inlay inset (5)
- 11-5.1 Frame (3)
- 11-6 Mounted in/on metal (21)
- 11-6.1 Background (12)
- 11-7 Other material embellishment (51)
- 11-7.2 Metal (43)
- 11-7.2.2 Escutcheon (7)
- 11-7.2.1 Cut steel (23)
- 11-7.2.3 “Watch wheel" (1)
- 11-7.2.4 Yellow metal (17)
- 11-7.1 Glass rhinestones/pastes (9)
- 11-7.2 Metal (43)
- 11-8 Working methods (54)
- 11-8.01 Carved (47)
- 11-8.2 Engraved (11)
- 11-8.3 Pierced (6)
- 12-0 Synthetic Polymer (99)
- 12-1 Thermoset types (57)
- 12-1.1 Amino resin (4)
- 12-1.2 Casein (34)
- 12-1.3 Phenolic resin (9)
- 12-1.4 Polyester (10)
- 12-2 Thermoplastic types (37)
- 12-2.3 Cellulose acetate (9)
- 12-2.5 Polymer clay (1)
- 12-2.4 Nylon (18)
- 12-2.6 Polystyrene (2)
- 12-2.1 ABS (3)
- 12-2.2 Acrylic resin (3)
- 12-3 Back marks (2)
- 12-6 Colors (8)
- 12-7 Decorative finishes (12)
- 12-8 Imitation of other materials (30)
- 12-9 Other material embellishment (14)
- 12-9.1 Glass (3)
- 12-9.2 Glitter (2)
- 12-9.3 Metal (5)
- 12-10 Techniques assorted (22)
- 12-1 Thermoset types (57)
- 13-0 VEGE IVORY (13)
- 15- Other Materials (136)
- 15-5 Unlisted (gemstone) (70)
- 15-1 BONE (4)
- 15-2 COMPOSITION (9)
- 15-3 IVORY (8)
- 15-4 RUBBER (8)
- Back marks (5)
- 15-5 Unlisted (39)
- 14-0 WOOD (27)
- 1-0 CELLULOID ASSORTED (51)
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Designs
- PICTORIALS (17-21) (523)
- 17-0 ANIMALS (145)
- 17-1 Amphibians (1)
- 17-2 Birds (50)
- 17-2.1 Domestic fowl (4)
- 17-2.3 Peacocks (21)
- 17-2.2 Owls (5)
- 17-2.4 Wading water birds (3)
- 17-3 Fish (5)
- 17-4 Invertebrates (18)
- 17-4.1 Arachnids (1)
- 17-4.3 Insects (16)
- 17-5 Mammals (68)
- 17-5.1 Cats (domestic) (3)
- 17-5.2 Cats (Wild) (6)
- 17-5.3 Deer family (2)
- 17-5.4 Dogs (5)
- 17-5.5 Elephants (2)
- 17-5.6 Horse family (26)
- 17-5.7 Rabbits (5)
- 17-5.8 Swine family (4)
- 17-6 Reptiles (7)
- 18-0 OBJECTS (53)
- 18-1 Anchors (3)
- 18-2 Arms armor (5)
- 18-3 Coins/coin type (1)
- 18-4 Containers (3)
- 18-4.1 Baskets (3)
- 18-5 Claws feet hands hoofs paws (1)
- 18-6 Fashion accessories (5)
- 18-6.2 Fans (1)
- 18-6.3 Footwear (1)
- 18-6.4 Hats headdresses (3)
- 18-7 Horseshoes (3)
- 18-8 Masks (1)
- 18-9 Musical instruments (1)
- 18-10 Shells (6)
- 18-11 Sports game equipment (1)
- 18-12 Unlisted (17)
- 19-0 PLANTS (107)
- 19-1 Cattails (1)
- 19-2 Flowers (50)
- 19-2.1 Chrysanthemums (5)
- 19-2.6 Thistles (1)
- 19-2.5 Roses (16)
- 19-2.4 Pansies (1)
- 19-2.2 Iris (1)
- 19-3 Fruits (11)
- 19-3.1 Berries (3)
- 19-3.3 Grapes (3)
- 19-4 Fungi (1)
- 19-5 Grains grasses (10)
- 19-5.1 Corn (1)
- 19-6 Leaves (21)
- 19-7 Nuts (7)
- 19-7.1 Acorns (5)
- 19-8 Trees (2)
- 19-9 Vegetables (1)
- 19-10 Unlisted (cones cactus etc.) (2)
- 20-0 OTHER PICTORIALS (243)
- 20-1 Architectural structures and/or scenes (11)
- 20-3 Astronomical (5)
- 20-4 Cartoon commercial characters (4)
- 20-5 Children (3)
- 20-6 Cupid cherubs (23)
- 20-7 Egyptian subjects (1)
- 20-8 Fabulous creatures (35)
- 20-9 Fops (3)
- 20-10 Gnomes fairies sprites (1)
- 20-11 Heads (32)
- 20-12 Lovers/couples (7)
- 20-13 Marine scenes (5)
- 20-14 Men (41)
- 20-15 Musicians (1)
- 20-16 Mythological (110)
- 20-16.1 Minerva (3)
- 20-2 Asian/Oriental (2)
- 20-17 Pastimes/games/sports (2)
- 20-18 People (15)
- 20-19 Religious (19)
- 20-20 Stories (9)
- 20-20.1 Fables (3)
- 20-21 Theater opera circus (3)
- 20-22 Transportation (30)
- 20-22.1 Human (21)
- 20-22.1.1 Ships/boats (1)
- 20-22.2 Non-human (5)
- 20-23 Women (37)
- 20-24 Unlisted (1)
- 17-0 ANIMALS (145)
- 22-1 PATTERNS (75)
- 22-1.1 All-over designs (3)
- 22-1.1.1 Plaid (1)
- 22-1.2 Curvilinear designs (28)
- 22-1.3 Geometric designs (29)
- 22-1.3.1 Circle (20)
- 22-1.3.3 4-sided (2)
- 22-1.4 Interlaced designs (1)
- 22-1.5 Linear designs (5)
- 22-1.5.1 Cross (1)
- 22-1.6 Radial designs (27)
- 22-1.6.1 Multi-armed (2)
- 22-1.6.2 Multi-lobed (4)
- 22-1.6.3 Star (3)
- 22-1.6.4 Tetrad (1)
- 22-1.6.5 Triad (2)
- 22-1.7 Turned designs (1)
- 22-1.1 All-over designs (3)
- 22-2 SYMBOLS (14)
- 22-2.1 Letter/word (9)
- 22-2.3 Pictorial (1)
- PICTORIALS (17-21) (523)
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Characteristics
- 23-0 Specific Types (91)
- 23-1 Backgrounds (1)
- 23-1.1 Celluloid (1)
- 23-2 Back Marks (1)
- 23-2.1 British (1)
- 23-6 Construction, Techniques (16)
- 23-7 INLAY (3)
- 23-7.3 Insertion inlay (1)
- 23-7.5 Mosaic (1)
- 23-9 IN/ON METAL (1)
- 23-10 SHAPES (63)
- 13-10.1 Contour (21)
- 23-10.1.1 Ball (4)
- 23-10.2 Linear (24)
- 23-10.2.1 Oval (2)
- 23-10.3 Realistic (22)
- 13-10.1 Contour (21)
- 23-11 STUDIO (8)
- 23-11.1 Ceramics (1)
- 23-11.3 Glass (2)
- 23-11.8 Wood (1)
- 23-11.9 Other materials (1)
- 23-1 Backgrounds (1)
- 24-0 "EIGHTEENTH CENTURY" or earlier (29)
- 24.1 Ceramics (2)
- 24-2 Enamel (2)
- 24-4 in/on metal (3)
- 24-4.2 Gemstone (2)
- 24-4.4 Pearl/shell (1)
- 24-5 Metals (11)
- 24-5.1 Copper colored (2)
- 24-5.2 Silver (2)
- 24-5.3 Steel/iron (2)
- 24-5.4 White metals (4)
- 24-5.5 Yellow metals (1)
- 24-6 Other materials (1)
- 24-6.1 Bone (1)
- 24-7 Pearl/shell (4)
- 24-9 Under glass (5)
- 24-9.1 Fabric (1)
- 24-9.3 Ivory (2)
- 24-9.4 Paper (1)
- 24-9.5 Reverse painting (1)
- 23-0 Specific Types (91)
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Types
- T 23-1 BACKGROUNDS (12)
- T 23-1.1 Celluloid (3)
- T 23-1.3 Glass (1)
- T 23-1.4 Metal (2)
- T 23.1.5 Shell (1)
- T 23-1.6 Wood (4)
- T 23-1.7 Unlisted (1)
- T 23-2 BACK MARKS (12)
- T 23-3 BACK TYPES (13)
- T 23-4 BORDERS (171)
- T 23-5 COMBINED MATERIALS (2)
- T 23-1 BACKGROUNDS (12)
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Usages
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- Div II Uniform (3)
- 25 Non-Uniform (12)
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Specialties
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Sizes
WRBA Button Album
Images of buttons are submitted by WRBA members. Categories are carefully assigned by designated editors. WRBA members are encouraged to send comments to the editors towards better description/categorization of buttons appearing in this album. WRBA Button Album is an ongoing educational project.
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